1. About Cloud Computing

    Cloud computing is a new (circa late 2007) label for the subset of grid computing that includes utility computing and other approaches to the use of shared computing resources. Cloud computing is an alternative to having local servers or personal devices handling users' applications.

    In general, the label suggests that function comes from "the cloud" -- often understood to mean a public network, usually assumed to be the Internet -- rather than from a specific identifiable device. The label of "cloud computing" is not, however, identical with the business model of software as a service or the usage model of utility computing. Grid computing is a technology approach to manage a cloud. In effect, all clouds are managed by a grid but not all grids manage cloud. Specifically a computer grid and a cloud are synonymous while a data grid and a cloud can be different.

    Within the general label, though, it is an easy error to assume that all clouds are created equal. This can lead to confusion and disappointment.

    For example, virtualization of servers on a shared super-server can speed the deployment of new capability, since no new hardware needs to be installed, but the software stack that runs on the virtual server must still be configured and updated -- unlike the case with a multi-tenant software-as-a-service capability.

    A computer cluster can offer cost-effective service in specific applications, but may be limited to a single type of computing node that allows all nodes to run a common operating system. Alternatively, the [http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/Articles/WhatIsTheGrid.pdf canonical definition of grid] is one that allows any type of processing engine to enter or leave the system, dynamically, by analogy to an electrical power grid on which any given generating plant might be active or inactive at any given time.

    However, an electrical generator only needs to produce volts and amperes in synchrony with other units on the grid, while computing cycles are not nearly such an undifferentiated commodity. For example, a computing grid could include both general-purpose processors and specialized units such as a vector processor facility.

    Also important to the notion of cloud computing is the automation of many management tasks. If the system requires human management to allocate processes to resources, it's not a cloud: it's just a data center.

    The applications of cloud/utility computing models are [http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Enterprise-Apps/Salesforcecom-Unveils-Forcecom-Cloud-Computing-Architecture/ expanding rapidly] as connectivity costs fall, and as evolution of processor architectures favors the development of multi-core systems with intrinsically parallel computing hardware that greatly exceeds the parallelization potential of most applications. The economic incentives to share hardware among multiple users are increasing; the drawbacks in performance and interactive response that used to discourage remote and distributed computing solutions are being greatly reduced.

    As a result, the services that can be delivered from the cloud are not limited to web applications, but may also include storage, raw computing, or access to any number of specialized services.

    Common visualizations of a cloud computing approach include, but should not be considered to be limited by, the following:

  2. Quotes about Cloud Computing

    1. Windows 7 Phone is an excellent platform. A new experiment that allows us to extract the best of cloud computing and the service cloud, since everything is integrated.
      In CeBIT: Microsoft bets on Windows 7 Phone for changing the game
    2. Legacy identity management technology cannot support the high-volume cloud computing and subscriber applications that are prevalent in today's increasingly mobile world.
      In New UnboundID Identity Management Platform Boosts ...
    3. Security and privacy are major challenges for the emerging cloud computing model, and Nebula research will address security challenges in the network with new approaches to reliability, availability, confidentiality and other system properties.
      In NSF: Time for an Internet do-over
  1. Cloud Computing

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